Some civilians may be difficult to distinguish from such combatants as armed militias and gangs, and particularly individuals who are simply trying to protect their homes from attackers. Ambushes laid down by small groups of soldiers with handheld anti-tank weapons can destroy entire columns of modern armor (as in the First Battle of Grozny), while artillery and air support can be severely reduced if the "superior" party wants to limit civilian casualties as much as possible, but the defending party does not (or even uses civilians as human shields). įighting in urban areas negates the advantages that one side may have over the other in armor, heavy artillery, or air support. Urban combat operations may be conducted to capitalize on strategic or tactical advantages associated with the possession or the control of a particular urban area or to deny these advantages to the enemy. Complicating factors in urban warfare include the presence of civilians and the complexity of the urban terrain. Urban combat differs from combat in the open at both the operational and the tactical levels. Urban warfare is warfare in urban areas such as towns and cities.
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